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Lake Baikal in Siberia is the deepest lake in the world, at 5,387 feet (1,642 meters) deep.

西伯利亚的贝加尔湖是世界上最深的湖，深5387英尺(1642米)。

A lake is a body of water like a puddle — water accumulates in a low place in the landscape, either from groundwater coming to the surface, or runoff from rivers and streams settling in a depression where water builds up faster than it can escape. Many lakes are actually reservoirs, which look the same as a natural lake, but the water is held in place by a human-made dam.

湖泊是一种像水坑一样的水体——水积聚在地势较低的地方，要么是地下水到达地表，要么是河流和小溪的径流沉淀在洼地，在那里水积聚的速度比它逃逸的速度快。许多湖泊实际上是水库，它们看起来和天然湖泊一样，但水是由人造水坝拦住的。

Most lakes on Earth contain freshwater, but there are some saline lakes like the Great Salt Lake in Utah, which is actually saltier than any ocean. Some lakes are very shallow like Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana, which has a maximum depth of only 15 feet (4.6 meters). Some lakes, however, are seemingly fathomless — Lake Baikal in Siberia, for instance, is over a mile deep. Here, then, is the deepest lake in the world:

地球上的大多数湖泊都含有淡水，但也有一些盐湖，比如犹他州的大盐湖，它实际上比任何海洋都咸。有些湖泊非常浅，比如路易斯安那州的庞恰特雷恩湖，最大深度只有15英尺(4.6米)。然而，有些湖泊似乎深不可测——例如，西伯利亚的贝加尔湖有一英里多深。这里是世界上最深的几个湖:

Contents 目录

1. Lake Baikal, Siberia

Lake Baikal is the only home of the nerpa, or Lake Baikal seal, the only freshwater seal in the world.

贝加尔湖是尼帕海豹的唯一栖息地，也就是贝加尔湖海豹，是世界上唯一的淡水海豹。

Lake Baikal is a natural lake situated in southern Siberia in the most seismically active continental rift in the world. Not only is Lake Baikal the deepest lake in the world, clocking in at 5,387 feet (1,642 meters) deep, it's also the world's oldest lake, and its largest lake by volume of water.

贝加尔湖是一个天然湖泊，位于西伯利亚南部，是世界上地震最活跃的大陆裂谷。贝加尔湖不仅是世界上最深的湖，深5387英尺(1642米)，也是世界上最古老的湖，也是水量最大的湖。

Lake Baikal is around 25 million years old and roughly the size of Belgium. This incredible body of water earned the distinction of being a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to the fact that it contains a full 20 percent of the world's unfrozen fresh water and is home to around 3,700 animal and plant species, 80 percent of which live nowhere else in the world. For instance, the nerpa (Pusa sibirica), found only in Lake Baikal, is the only freshwater seal in the world.

贝加尔湖大约有2500万年的历史，大致相当于比利时的面积。这片令人难以置信的水域获得了联合国教科文组织世界遗产的殊荣，因为它包含了世界上20%的未冻结淡水，是大约3700种动植物的家园，其中80%在世界上其他地方都没有。例如，只在贝加尔湖发现的nerpa (Pusa sibirica)是世界上唯一的淡水海豹。

2. Lake Tanganyika, Africa 非洲的坦噶尼喀湖

The sun sets over Lake Tanganyika in west-central Tanzania, Eastern Africa.

太阳在东非坦桑尼亚中西部的坦噶尼喀湖上落下。

In the Great Rift Valley of central Africa, on the borders shared by Zambia, Burundi, Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo sits Lake Tanganyika, the second deepest lake in the world. Lake Tanganyika is 4,710 feet (1,470 meters) deep and very old, which means the plants and animals have had time to become specialized to its unique ecosystem. Lake Tanganyika is home to over 2,000 species of flora and fauna, including many tropical fish, and over half of them live nowhere else in the world.

坦噶尼喀湖位于非洲中部的大裂谷，与赞比亚、布隆迪、坦桑尼亚和刚果民主共和国接壤，是世界上第二深的湖。坦噶尼喀湖深4710英尺(1470米)，非常古老，这意味着植物和动物有足够的时间适应其独特的生态系统。坦噶尼喀湖是2000多种动植物的家园，其中包括许多热带鱼，其中一半以上在世界其他地方都没有。

Over a million people live around Lake Tanganyika, and a lot of the protein consumed by this population comes from fish. However, commercial fishing practices started in the 1950s have depleted the lake's fish population.

坦噶尼喀湖周围居住着100多万人，这些人消耗的大量蛋白质来自鱼类。然而，20世纪50年代开始的商业捕鱼活动已经耗尽了湖中的鱼类数量。

3. Caspian Sea, Europe/Asia 里海，欧洲/亚洲

The Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world, and at 3,360 feet (1,025 meters) deep, it's third deepest lake on Earth. On its northern end, on what's called the Caspian Shelf, it is actually very shallow, averaging around 16 to 20 feet (5 to 6 meters).

里海是世界上最大的内陆水体，深3360英尺(1025米)，是地球上第三深的湖。在它的北端，在所谓的里海大陆架上，它实际上非常浅，平均大约16到20英尺(5到6米)。

The reason the Caspian Sea is a saltwater lake, and its waters are so briny is because it has no outlet, so any minerals that have found their way into the basin over the past 5.5 million years have become stranded there.

里海是一个咸水湖，它的水如此咸是因为它没有出口，所以在过去550万年里，任何进入盆地的矿物质都被困在了那里。

Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan all share coastlines of the Caspian Sea, and the Volga River provides 80 percent of its water. The Caspian Sea is rich in oil and gas, and fossil fuel platforms are a common sight from its shores.

阿塞拜疆、伊朗、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯和土库曼斯坦共享里海海岸线，伏尔加河提供了里海80%的水。里海蕴藏着丰富的石油和天然气，从里海海岸望去，化石燃料平台随处可见。

4. Lake Vostok, Antarctica 南极洲的沃斯托克湖

Antarctica's Lake Vostok is a bit of an outlier in a list of deepest lakes in that it is not only the fourth deepest lake in the world at 2,950 feet (900 meters) deep, it's buried under 2.2 miles (3.5 km) of ice. This subglacial lake was discovered in 1996 using radar technology, and although it's covered in ice and snow year-round, it contains liquid water.

南极洲的沃斯托克湖在最深的湖泊列表中有点异类，因为它不仅是世界上第四深的湖，深2950英尺(900米)，而且埋在2.2英里(3.5公里)的冰层下。这个冰下湖是1996年用雷达技术发现的，尽管它全年被冰雪覆盖，但它含有液态水。

Lake Vostok has no outlet but is fed by meltwater off Antarctica's glaciers. And although sunlight never reaches it, it seems to have more than a few inhabitants — mostly bacteria and archaea.

沃斯托克湖没有出口，而是由南极洲冰川的融水注入。尽管阳光从未照射到它，但它似乎有很多居民——主要是细菌和古细菌。

5. San Martín Lake, South America 圣马丁湖，南美洲

In a remote part of the Patagonian Andes, on the border between Chile and Argentina, sits the fifth deepest lake in the world, called Lago O'Higgins by Chileans and San Martín Lake by Argentineans. Fed by the O'Higgins and Chico Glaciers, this 2,742-foot-deep (836-meter-deep) lake is shaped like an octopus with eight arms, and has beautiful turquoise waters, made milky by glacial rock flour.

在巴塔哥尼亚安第斯山脉的一个偏远地区，智利和阿根廷之间的边界，坐落着世界上第五深的湖，智利人称它为Lago O'Higgins，阿根廷人称它为San Martín湖。这个湖由奥希金斯冰川和奇科冰川注入，深2742英尺(836米)，形状像八条手臂的章鱼，有美丽的蓝绿色湖水，由冰川岩石粉制成。

6. Lake Nyasa, Africa 非洲的尼亚萨湖

People in landlocked Malawi rely on Lake Nyasa, in Mozambique, for water, transport, recreation, electricity, irrigation and, most importantly, fish.

生活在内陆国家马拉维的人们依靠莫桑比克的尼亚萨湖获得水、交通、娱乐、电力、灌溉，最重要的是鱼类。

On the border between Mozambique, Tanzania and Malawi sits Lake Nyasa, the sixth deepest lake in the world. At 2,316 feet (706 meters) deep, Lake Nyasa — also called Lake Malawi — is unique in that its water layers don't mix. The lake has extremely high biodiversity — it's home to a full 15 percent of freshwater fish species on the planet — and many of the species are obligated to stay in certain areas of the lake due to their requirements for temperature, chemical composition and dissolved oxygen.

尼亚萨湖位于莫桑比克、坦桑尼亚和马拉维的边界上，是世界第六深的湖。尼亚萨湖深2316英尺(706米)，也被称为马拉维湖，它的独特之处在于它的水层不混合。这个湖拥有极高的生物多样性——地球上15%的淡水鱼都生活在这里——由于对温度、化学成分和溶解氧的要求，许多物种都必须呆在湖里的特定区域。

7. Lake Ysyk, Asia 亚洲的Ysyk湖

In the mountains of northeastern Kyrgyzstan sits Lake Ysyk, one of the largest high-mountain lakes in the world, and the seventh deepest at 2,192 feet (668 meters) deep. The local name for the lake is Ysyk-köl, or "Hot Lake" because it never freezes over, despite winter temperatures regularly plummeting to minus 15 degrees F (minus 26 degrees C). This is because Lake Ysyk's salinity is high — too high to drink or irrigate crops, but reportedly not too salty to refresh livestock.

伊塞克湖位于吉尔吉斯斯坦东北部的山区，是世界上最大的高山湖泊之一，深2192英尺(668米)，是世界第七深的高山湖泊。这个湖在当地的名字是Ysyk-köl，意思是“热湖”，因为它从来没有结冰过，尽管冬天的气温经常骤降到零下15华氏度(零下26摄氏度)，这是因为Ysyk湖的盐度很高，高到不能饮用或灌溉作物，但据报道，它的盐度还没有高到可以让牲畜提神。

Lake Ysyk is probably around 25 million years old, but also shares a lot of history with humans, despite its remote location. It was a stop along the Silk Road in medieval times, and the remnants of ancient settlements can be seen through the waters at the northeast end of the lake.

Ysyk湖可能有2500万年左右的历史，尽管位置偏远，但它也与人类有很多共同的历史。在中世纪，它是丝绸之路的一站，通过湖东北端的湖水，可以看到古代定居点的遗迹。

8. Great Slave Lake, Canada 大斯雷夫湖，加拿大

The deepest lake in North America is Canada's Great Slave Lake, clocking in at 2,015 feet (614 meters) deep. Located in the Northwest Territories near Alberta, Great Slave Lake got its name from the Indigenous people who were enslaved by fur trappers in villages around the lake in the mid-18th century.

北美最深的湖是加拿大的大斯雷夫湖，深2015英尺(614米)。大斯雷夫湖位于阿尔伯塔省附近的西北地区，因18世纪中期在湖周围村庄被毛皮猎人奴役的土著居民而得名。

The area around the lake is sparsely populated because the climate is so harsh. The ice on the lake is so thick during winter months that a temporary ice road is set up for cars and trucks to drive over Great Slave Lake as a shortcut between settlements.

由于气候恶劣，湖周围地区人口稀少。在冬天的几个月里，湖面上的冰非常厚，因此人们建起了一条临时冰路，供汽车和卡车在大奴湖上行驶，作为定居点之间的捷径。

9. Crater Lake, U.S. 火山口湖，美国

This aerial view shows Crater Lake, the caldera of an ancient volcano, in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon.

这张鸟瞰图显示了俄勒冈州火山口湖国家公园的火山口湖，一个古老火山的破火山口。

Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States. At 1,943 feet (592 meters) deep, it's also the only lake on this list formed by the eruption of a volcano. Located in southern Oregon, Crater Lake is almost a perfect ring of water that has formed 7,700 years ago when a giant volcano called Mount Mazama erupted, and the top caved in, forming a caldera, a hole in the top of a mountain that forms after a volcanic eruption.

火山口湖是美国最深的湖。它深1943英尺(592米)，也是榜单上唯一一个由火山喷发形成的湖泊。火山口湖位于俄勒冈州南部，几乎是一个完美的环水，形成于7700年前，当时一座名为马扎马山的巨大火山爆发，顶部塌陷，形成了一个破火山口，火山爆发后在山顶形成的一个洞。

Crater Lake has no input or output — the waters are crystal clear and blue because it's fed entirely by rainwater. The only water leaving Crater Lake does so through evaporation.

火山口湖没有任何输入或输出，湖水清澈湛蓝，因为它完全由雨水灌溉。唯一离开火山口湖的水是通过蒸发蒸发的。

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